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Derivatives

Inverse Trig Derivatives Practice Problems with Answers

12 inverse trig derivative practice problems with answers and full solutions: arcsin, arccos, arctan and arcsec with the chain and product rules.

Derivatives Updated 4 min read

At a glance

\frac{d}{dx}\arcsin x = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}, \qquad \frac{d}{dx}\arctan x = \frac{1}{1 + x^2}
Problems
12, with answers and full solutions
Level
Calculus 1 and AP Calculus AB, Unit 3
You need
The chain rule and the four inverse trig derivatives
Main idea
Use the formula with u in place of x, then multiply by u'
Practice with new numbers
Inverse trig derivatives lesson
On this page
  1. Problems
  2. Answers
  3. Step-by-step solutions
  4. Common mistakes on these problems
  5. Keep practicing

These inverse trig derivatives practice problems start with the basic formulas, then use the chain rule, the product rule and a log, and finish with two problems that simplify in a surprising way and a tangent line. Try each one first. The answers come right after the list, then the full solutions.

The formulas you need:

Function Derivative
\arcsin x \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}
\arccos x -\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}
\arctan x \dfrac{1}{1 + x^2}
\operatorname{arcsec} x \dfrac{1}{\lvert x\rvert\sqrt{x^2 - 1}}

Each formula comes from implicit differentiation. See the derivative of arcsin x, the derivative of arctan x and the derivative of arcsec x for the full proofs.

Problems

Basic formulas

  1. y = 3\arctan x - 2\arcsin x
  2. y = \arctan(3x)
  3. y = \arccos(2x)

Chain rule

  1. y = \arcsin(x^2)
  2. y = \arctan\!\left(\sqrt{x}\right)
  3. y = \arctan(e^x)
  4. y = \operatorname{arcsec}(3x) for x > \frac{1}{3}

With other rules

  1. y = x\arctan x
  2. y = \ln(\arctan x) for x > 0
  3. y = \arcsin x + \sqrt{1 - x^2}

Simplify and apply

  1. y = \arctan x + \arctan\!\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right) for x > 0
  2. Find the tangent line to y = \arctan x at x = 1.

Answers

Problem Answer
1 \dfrac{3}{1 + x^2} - \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}
2 \dfrac{3}{1 + 9x^2}
3 -\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1 - 4x^2}}
4 \dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{1 - x^4}}
5 \dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}\,(1 + x)}
6 \dfrac{e^x}{1 + e^{2x}}
7 \dfrac{1}{x\sqrt{9x^2 - 1}}
8 \arctan x + \dfrac{x}{1 + x^2}
9 \dfrac{1}{(1 + x^2)\arctan x}
10 \dfrac{1 - x}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{1 - x}{1 + x}}
11 0
12 y = \dfrac{1}{2}x - \dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{\pi}{4}

Step-by-step solutions

1. Use the table for each term:

y' = \frac{3}{1 + x^2} - \frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}

2. With u = 3x, u' = 3 and u^2 = 9x^2:

y' = \frac{3}{1 + (3x)^2} = \frac{3}{1 + 9x^2}

3. With u = 2x, u' = 2 and u^2 = 4x^2. Keep the minus sign from arccos:

y' = -\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - 4x^2}}

4. With u = x^2, u' = 2x and u^2 = x^4:

y' = \frac{2x}{\sqrt{1 - x^4}}

5. With u = \sqrt{x}, u' = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} and u^2 = x:

y' = \frac{1}{1 + x}\cdot\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}\,(1 + x)}

6. With u = e^x, u' = e^x and u^2 = e^{2x}:

y' = \frac{e^x}{1 + e^{2x}}

7. With u = 3x > 1, |u| = 3x and u' = 3:

y' = \frac{3}{3x\sqrt{9x^2 - 1}} = \frac{1}{x\sqrt{9x^2 - 1}}

8. Use the product rule:

y' = 1\cdot\arctan x + x\cdot\frac{1}{1 + x^2} = \arctan x + \frac{x}{1 + x^2}

9. Use (\ln u)' = \frac{u'}{u} with u = \arctan x:

y' = \frac{\frac{1}{1 + x^2}}{\arctan x} = \frac{1}{(1 + x^2)\arctan x}

10. The derivative of \sqrt{1 - x^2} is \frac{-2x}{2\sqrt{1 - x^2}} = -\frac{x}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}. Add the two parts:

y' = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}} - \frac{x}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}} = \frac{1 - x}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}

Since 1 - x^2 = (1 - x)(1 + x), this simplifies to \sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}} for -1 < x < 1.

11. For the second term, u = \frac{1}{x} and u' = -\frac{1}{x^2}:

\frac{d}{dx}\arctan\frac{1}{x} = \frac{-\frac{1}{x^2}}{1 + \frac{1}{x^2}} = -\frac{1}{x^2 + 1}

So y' = \frac{1}{1 + x^2} - \frac{1}{1 + x^2} = 0. The function is constant for x > 0. At x = 1 it equals \frac{\pi}{4} + \frac{\pi}{4} = \frac{\pi}{2}, so \arctan x + \arctan\frac{1}{x} = \frac{\pi}{2} for every x > 0.

12. The point is \arctan 1 = \frac{\pi}{4}. The slope is \frac{1}{1 + 1^2} = \frac{1}{2}:

y - \frac{\pi}{4} = \frac{1}{2}(x - 1) \quad\Rightarrow\quad y = \frac{1}{2}x - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4}

Common mistakes on these problems

  • Squaring only x, not the whole inside. In problem 2 the bottom is 1 + (3x)^2 = 1 + 9x^2, not 1 + 3x^2.
  • Forgetting u' on top. \frac{d}{dx}\arcsin(x^2) needs the 2x in the numerator.
  • Mixing up \arcsin x and \frac{1}{\sin x}. \arcsin x is the inverse function, and \frac{1}{\sin x} is \csc x. Their derivatives are completely different.
  • Dropping the minus on arccos. Problem 3 has a negative answer because (\arccos x)' = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}.

Keep practicing

These 12 problems use fixed numbers. For unlimited practice with new functions and instant feedback, try the inverse trig derivatives lesson and the inverse function derivatives lesson. To review the regular trig functions first, use the trig derivatives practice problems.

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Frequently asked questions

What are the derivatives of the inverse trig functions?

(\arcsin x)' = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}, (\arccos x)' = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}, (\arctan x)' = \frac{1}{1+x^2}, (\operatorname{arccot} x)' = -\frac{1}{1+x^2}, (\operatorname{arcsec} x)' = \frac{1}{|x|\sqrt{x^2-1}} and (\operatorname{arccsc} x)' = -\frac{1}{|x|\sqrt{x^2-1}}.

How do you find the derivative of arcsin(u)?

Use the chain rule: \frac{d}{dx}\arcsin u = \frac{u'}{\sqrt{1 - u^2}}. For \arcsin(x^2), u = x^2 and u' = 2x, so the derivative is \frac{2x}{\sqrt{1 - x^4}}.

How is the derivative of arcsin x derived?

Write y = \arcsin x as \sin y = x and differentiate implicitly: \cos y\,y' = 1. Since \cos y = \sqrt{1 - \sin^2 y} = \sqrt{1 - x^2} on the range of arcsin, y' = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}.

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